Site Info - Sagepub.com

Drupal is an open source content management system written in PHP, originally developed by Dries Buytaert.

Squarespace is a hosted web publishing platform originally developed by Anthony Casalena.

Microsoft's Active Server Pages technology on the .NET framework.

PHP is a scripting language for creating websites.

Java is a general-purpose language originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

JavaScript is a lightweight, object-oriented, cross-platform scripting language, often used within web pages.

Bootstrap is an open source HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework.

ASP.NET Ajax is a JavaScript library based on ASP.NET, developed by Microsoft.

jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interaction. Originally developed by John Resig.

Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects HTML5 and CSS3 features in the visitors browser.

The Internet Information Services (IIS) are a set of Internet-based services for Windows, developed by Microsoft.

Cloudflare Server is a web server developed by Cloudflare.

Envoy Proxy is a proxy server designed for large service-oriented architectures.

Windows is an operating system produced by Microsoft.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA.

Freshworks provides a range of hosted customer service platforms.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Squarespace is a hosted web publishing platform.

NTT Communications is a Japanese telecommunications company.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA.

Amazon is a US-based e-commerce and cloud computing provider.

Squarespace is a hosted web publishing platform.

NTT Communications is a Japanese telecommunications company.

Cloudflare provides a content delivery network.

Fastly is a content delivery network.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, offering internet services.

Microsoft is a multinational technology company headquartered in USA, also offering email services.

DigiCert is an SSL certificate authority. This includes Verizon, whose Enterprise SSL Business has been acquired by DigiCert.

GlobalSign is an IT security service provider, also operating as SSL certificate authority.

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority provided by the Internet Security Research Group.

Google Hosted Libraries (formerly called Google Libraries API) is a content distribution network for the most popular, open-source JavaScript libraries, provided by Google.

Google Analytics is a free service to get detailed statistics about the visitors of a website, provided by Google. This includes the Ads conversion tracking and the Floodlight services.

Microsoft UET (Universal Event Tracking) records what visitors do on a website after they click on an ad.

New Relic is a web application performance management tool.

Hotjar is a website analytics and feedback application.

The Google Advertising network consists of AdSense, DoubleClick and other services.

The Google Tag Manager is a Google service to support webmasters to manage tags on their websites.

Facebook Social Plugins provide a way for Facebook users to share web pages with their friends.

A Twitter/X Button allows a Twitter user to post a tweet from the visited site.

LinkedIn Share Buttons enable visitors to to share website content with their LinkedIn network.

AddToAny is a social bookmarking and sharing service.

Reddit Buttons allow web pages to be submitted to and discussed on Reddit.

Tumblr buttons make it easy for Tumblr bloggers to share content on their blogs.

External Cascading Style Sheets define style rules in a separate CSS file.

Embedded Cascading Style Sheets define a set of style rules in a <style> element within a web page.

Inline Cascading Style Sheets define style rules directly within an (X)HTML element using the style attribute.

Session cookies are temporary cookies, which are deleted when the user closes the browser.

Persistent cookies with an expiration time of up to 1 day.

HttpOnly cookies are used only in the HTTP protocol and not in client side scripts, which may increase security.

Non-HttpOnly cookies are used in the HTTP protocol and also in client side scripts, which may be a security threat.

Secure cookies are used only via an encrypted connections, which may increase security.

Non-secure cookies may be used via an unencrypted connections, which may be a security threat.

Brotli is a lossless compression algorithm developed by Google.

Gzip (GNU zip) is a file compression algorithm.

HTTP/2 is the second major version of the HTTP network protocol.

HTTP/3 is the third major version of the HTTP network protocol, derived from the QUIC protocol.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) defines a mechanism enabling web sites to declare themselves accessible only via secure connections.

The websites redirects visitors to its www subdomain, e.g. from example.com to www.example.com.

The websites redirects visitors to use SSL encryption, e.g. from http://example.com/ to https://example.com/.

A weak ETag is an HTTP header field for validation of cached web pages, that indicates a semantically equivalent page in the cache.

The Open Graph protocol, originally developed by Facebook, is an RDFa-based format that enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.

Generic RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) is RDFa without further specialization.

Twitter/X Cards enable automatic attachment of photos, videos and media elements to tweets.

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding Linked Data using JSON.

HTML5 is the fifth revision of the HTML standard.

UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a variable-length character encoding for Unicode, which is backwards compatible with ASCII.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is a lossless compression image format, suitable to store graphics with uniformly colored areas, and originally introduced as a free, open-source successor of GIF.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a lossy compression method suitable to store photographic images.

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format.

WebP is an image format that provides lossless and lossy compression, developed by Google.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a lossless compression image format, originally introduced by CompuServe and suitable to store graphics, logos and simple animations.

Commercial entities